Complete dried ration for ruminant based on Pennisetum Purpureum CV. Mott enriched phyto-protein of tree legumes leaf

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the among five countries with big human population in the world, still import red meat to meet demand of this meat in country, since the price of this commodity is higher than those import. This expensive product due to the fattening cattle in country use concentrate as animal feed rather than forages as practice in other country such as Australia. The problem is supply of forages is insufficient due to limitation of space for forage production. Especially during dry season, the forages almost disappears and farmer face on shortage supply of forage followed decrease beef production. Contrary forages available abundantly during rainy season both grasses and herbaceous and tree legume leaves. The major objectives of this research is to create a complete ration based on material available locally. The aims of this present research was to study the effects of enriched protein of tree legume leaf on complete dry ration based on tropical grass Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott. The experiment was conducted at Laboratory of Forage Science Faculty of Animal Science, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The plant material used, consists of tree legumes leafs of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Indigofera zollineriana in this study were taken from the field experimental station in collaboration with Regional Board of Agricultural Assessment Technology in North Sulawesi Province. All plants has been trimming to get homogeny re-growth where Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott was harvest at the age of 45 days re-growth and all tree legumes were harvest at the age of 60 days re-growth. P. purpurem cv. Mott was defoliated at first node from the soil surface (approximately 10 cm above ground). Sample of P. purpurem comprised five plants in two places in each plot so there were 10 plants as sample in each plot. All tree legumes were defoliated at 1 meter from the soil surface. Fresh samples were then dried at 600C or about 48 h to determine the dry weight. Complete rations in this research were dried chopped P. purpureum (PP), dried ground leaf of tree legume of G. sepium (GS), L. leucocephala (LL) and I. zolingeriana (IZ), and concentrate (Crt) consists of rice bran, ground yellow corn, tapioca powder, salt and mineral mix. The treatments were: T-0 = P. purpureum (control); T-1 = PP + GS+Crt; T-2 = PP + LL + Crt; T-3 = PP + IZ + Crt. All ingredient in each treatment were mixed homogenically, formed a block of 10 cm x 20 cm x 5 cm and dried under sun light. Treatments were arranged on Completely Randomized Design, with 5 replications. Twenty male goats with average body weight ± 15 Kg has been used. Variables measured were quality of complete rations, feed intake and total digestible nutrient. Total digestible collection methods have been applied to determine the apparent digestible coefficient of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and nitrogen free extract. This trial has been done in two period of time, where 7 days of preliminary periods as adaptation to the new ration, and 5 days as feces and intake data collecting. Total ration offered and refused was measured each day during collecting periods, and drinking water for animal was available freely. For control ecto and endo parasite animal has received injection of doramicine prescribe by veterinarian. Sample of test rations has been taken two days at the end of preliminary periods and five days during collecting data. Sample of feces was first dried under sun light and then oven drying at 600C for 48 hours. The samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and ash according to the standard procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Data were then statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) by means of MINITAB (Version 16). Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) was applied to determine the difference among treatments. Differences were considered at P<0.05. The results of this research showed that treatment T-3 with I. zolingeriana (IZ) as source of phyto-protein in complete rations has the best results on all variables measured. It could be concluded that leaves of this tree legumeis prospective to support application of technology complete ration based on local resources to resolve the problem of shortages of feeds supply to ruminant in tropic region.